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LOGISTICS ENGINEERING
The Logistics Support engineering process, that is used in logistics support engineering can be considered an engineering approach to identify the required resources to support a system once it is deployed in the operational aspect of a program. Logistics Support engineering is an integral part of the Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) discipline. ILS is comprised with several sub-disciplines that includes Logistics Support, Training, Technical Publications, PHS&T, and Provisioning.
The focuses on the Logistics Support engineering activities and the logistical engineering sub-tasks, would be implemented in the preparation and development of a Logistic Support Analysis. The selected application of logistical engineering methods, which are implemented during the acquisition process and as part of the engineering and design process, are to assist in complying with supportability and other ILS program objectives and requirements typically using MIL-STD-1388, MIL-STD 1478 and 49506.
Sub-tasks that are performed, are as follows:
- Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCC)
- Level of Repair Analysis (LORA)
- Logistic Support Analysis (LSA)
- Maintenance Task Analysis (MTA)
- Meantime to Repair Analysis (MTTR)
- Reliability, Maintainability and Availability (RAMS)
- Spares Modeling and Analysis (SM)
- Failure Modes & Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Life Cycle Costs Analysis (LCC):
The Life Cycle Costs (LCC) is the sum total of direct, indirect, recurring, non-recurring, and other related costs, which are estimated to be incurred and include costs associated with design, research & development, investment, operations, maintenance, and support of a system over it's life cycle. The cost of a system or equipment to the end user over it planned lifetime is its Life Cycle Cost of ownership.
LEVEL OF REPAIR ANALYSIS (LORA):
The Level Of Repair Analysis (LORA) is instrumental in providing an optimized maintenance philosophy based upon a cost rational. This analysis can be implemented as a standalone analysis, but is generally integrated in the Logistics Support Analysis on an iterative basis. The LORA seeks to determine an optimal provision of repair and maintenance facilities to minimize overall life-cycle costs. For a LORA problem with two levels of indenture with three possible repair decisions, which is of interest in UK and US military and which we call LORA-BR, Barros (The optimization of repair decisions using life-cycle cost parameters).
Logistics Support Analysis (LSA):
The Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) process is tailored in accordance with the maturity of the system/equipment design. The LSA provides a foundation for the Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) program by generating source data and maintenance plans, which will direct other ILS elements such as training, technical publications and provisioning. The source material will be identified during the development of a maintenance philosophy through the implementation of the LSA itself. The maintenance philosophy should adopt and concur with the program maintenance concept and ensure that supportability requirements are considered and incorporated into the design of an equipment/system.
Maintenance Task Analysis (MTA):
The Maintenance Task Analysis (MTA) when completed will detail the resources required to implement effective corrective and preventative maintenance tasks for a system and/ or equipment. The MTA is a detailed analysis performed for each of the corrective and preventative maintenance tasks. Consideration is given to all the support resources that will be required to conduct each of the maintenance tasks. Included, is data such as task intervals and task elapsed times.
Meantime to Repair Analysis (MTTR):
A Maintainability Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) prediction analysis provides calculated information regarding various aspects of maintenance. The goal of performing a Maintainability Analysis is to determine the amount of time required to perform repairs and maintenance tasks. In other words, if a system does fail, how long will it take to fix it? the mean time to repair (MTTR) analyzes all of the removable items in a system for corrective maintenance action. More importantly, MTTR can then be used in a reliability prediction in order to calculate "availability". Availability is the probability that an item is an operable state at any time, and is based on a combination of failure rate and MTTR. Because Maintainability is integrated with Reliability Prediction.
Reliability, Maintainability and Availability (RAMS):
The discipline is also called Dependability and Safety. It is an engineering discipline, with interfaces to all technical disciplines (system, electrical, mechanical, thermal, software, human factors, operations, etc.) and to Product Assurance. For cost efficiency reasons, RAMS engineering should be performed early in the project phase (starting from the mission definition phase). RAMS analyses are performed in close cooperation with the design and operations specialists responsible for implementing the results of the analysis.
Spares Modeling (SM):
The Spares Modeling along with the LSA effort and LORA will determine where and how items are repaired. The spares modeling analysis would basically determine the quantity of spare parts, recommended quantities would be derived to satisfy the customer's requirements. The LORA process determines the location of each type of spare part. This is commonly referred to as the range of spares. An assumption generally made when assessing a system's availability, is that the required resources to implement a maintenance task will be readily available, or on-hand, including the necessary spare parts.
FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (FMEA):
A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a bottoms up approach to analyzing system design and performance. To begin FMEA, the lowest levels of the system is outlined. This can be the individual components (referred to as a piece part FMEA) or the lowest level assemblies in the system (referred to as a functional FMEA). For each lowest level, a list of potential failure modes is generated. Effects of each potential failure mode are then determined. There are primarily two types of FMEA’s. They are referred to as MIL-STD-1629, which are based on the military standard for performing FMECA’s; or Automotive Style FMEA’s, which are based on various automotive FMEA models.
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